On Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy of Order-α

Using the idea of Rènyi’s entropy, intuitionistic fuzzy entropy of order-α is proposed in the setting of intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory. This measure is a generalized version of fuzzy entropy of order-α proposed by Bhandari and Pal and intuitionistic fuzzy entropy defined by Vlachos and Sergiadis. Our study of the four essential and some other properties of the proposed measure clearly establishes the validity of the measure as intuitionistic fuzzy entropy. Finally, a numerical example is given to show that the proposed entropy measure for intuitionistic fuzzy set is reasonable by comparing it with other existing entropies

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Einstein Prioritized Weighted Average Operators and their Application to Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making

This study investigates the multiple attribute decision making under intuitionistic fuzzy environment in which the attributes and the decision makers are in different priority levels. In this paper, we first propose two new intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators such as the intuitionistic fuzzy Einstein prioritized weighted average (IFEPWA) operator and the intuitionistic fuzzy Einstein prioritized weighted geometric (IFEPWG) operator for aggregating intuitionistic fuzzy information. These proposed operators can capture the prioritization phenomenon among the aggregated arguments. The properties of the new aggregation operators are studied in details and their special cases are examined. Furthermore, based on the proposed operators, an approach to deal with multiple attribute group decision making problems under intuitionistic fuzzy environment is developed. Finally, a practical example is provided to illustrate the multiple attribute group decision making process with intuitionistic fuzzy information

Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma

Odontogenic tumors comprise a complex group of lesions of diverse histopathological types and clinical behavior. The group of mixed odontogenic tumors, which are also rare, is composed of proliferating odontogenic epithelium in a cellular ectomesenchyme resembling dental papilla. Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma is a rare benign odontogenic tumor. The present case report discusses this tumor composed of odontogenic epithelium and odontogenic mesenchyme with dentin or dentin like tissue. The present paper also throws light on various histological similarities and complexities which make the interpretation of these set of odontogenic tumors a diagnostic dilemma

Update on classification of lymphomas

Lymphomas constitute approximately 5% of all malignant neoplasms of the head and neck. They are divided into two major subtypes, Hodgkin′s lymphomas and non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas, depending on the presence or absence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Controversy in the classification of lymphomas dates back to the first attempts to formulate such classifications. Much of this controversy arose from the assumption that there must be a single guiding principle, a "gold standard" for classification. Earlier classifications of lymphomas were based on the morphology, treatment response, and survival and some were based on cell lineage and differentiation. The International Lymphoma Study Group (I.L.S.G.) developed a consensus list of lymphoid neoplasms, which was published in 1994 as the "Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms" (REAL). The classification was based on the principle that a classification is a list of "real" disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features and there cannot be a single "gold standard.

Update on Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common skin disorder characterized by focal formation of raised plaques that constantly shed scales derived from excessive growth of skin epithelial cells. The disease is characterized by a series of linked cellular changes in the skin: hyperplasia of epidermal keratinocytes, vascular hyperplasia and ectasia, and infiltration of T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and other types of leukocyte in the affected skin. Psoriasis is now considered as a T cell-mediated inflammation of the skin. Types of psoriasis that may be clinically encountered include plaque psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, nail psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and scalp psoriasis. Psoriasis is believed to be genetically linked but can also be triggered by mechanical, ultraviolet, and chemical injury; various infections; prescription drug use; psychological stress; smoking; and other factors

Perception of human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer and HPV vaccination in North Indian population.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) -associated cervical cancer is the second-most common cancer in women worldwide but it is the most frequent gynaecological cancer and cancer associated death in India women. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge about cervical cancer, HPV, HPV vaccine, HPV vaccine acceptance among school and undergraduates students and their parent's perception about acceptance of HPV vaccine in Northern part of India (Delhi and NCR regions).A qualitative questionnaire based survey among 2500 urban/rural students aged 12-22 years was conducted.Overall, a low frequency (15%) of HPV and cervical cancer awareness was observed in students and their parents. However, the awareness was much higher in females belonging to urban setup compared to boys with a perception that HPV causes cervical cancer in women only. Additionally, only (13%) participants who were aware of cervical cancer and HPV) were willing to accept HPV vaccination. Apparently, parents of female students were two times more willing to accept HPV vaccination for their ward than male students (p<0.001; OR 95%CI = 2.09 (1.58-2.76).Cervical cancer and HPV awareness among school, undergraduate students and also to their parents was found to be very low in this part of India. The level of awareness and education appears to be insignificant determinants in rural compared to urban setup. Better health education will be needed to maximize public awareness for cervical cancer prevention